He aha ka electrocardiogram?

ʻO ka membrane cell myocardial he membrane semi-permeable.Ke hoʻomaha, hoʻonohonoho ʻia kekahi helu o nā cations i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ma waho o ka membrane.Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka helu like o nā anion i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i loko o ka membrane, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke ʻano o ka membrane ma mua o ka membrane, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mokuʻāina polarization.I ka wā hoʻomaha, aia nā cardiomyocytes i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka puʻuwai i ke ʻano polarized, a ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa.ʻO ka pihi hiki ke ʻimi ʻia e ka mea hoʻopaʻa leo o kēia manawa he pololei, ʻo ia ka laina equipotential o ka electrocardiogram ili.Ke hoʻouluʻia nā cardiomyocytes e kekahi ikaika, hoʻololi ka permeability o ka membrane cell a komo ka nui o nā cations i loko o ka membrane i ka manawa pōkole, i hiki ai i ka hiki ke hoʻololi i loko o ka membrane mai ka maikaʻiʻole i ka maikaʻiʻole.Kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana depolarization.No ka naʻau holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā cardiomyocytes mai ka endocardial a hiki i ka epicardial sequence depolarization, ʻo ka pihi hiki ke ʻimi ʻia e ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kēia manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka hawewe depolarization, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hawewe P a me ka ventricle o ka atrium ma ka hawewe electrocardiogram QRS.Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka cell cell, hoʻokuʻu ka membrane cell i ka nui o nā cations, e hoʻololi i ka hiki i loko o ka membrane mai ka maikaʻi a i ka maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻi i ke kūlana polarization kumu.Hanaʻia kēia hana e ka epicardium i ka endocardium, i kapaʻia he repolarization.Pēlā nō, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka wā o ka repolarization o nā cardiomyocytes i wehewehe ʻia e kahi mea kākau moʻolelo i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he hawewe polar.No ka lohi o ka repolarization, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hawewe repolarization ma mua o ka hawewe depolarization.He haʻahaʻa ka electrocardiogram o ka atrium i ka nalu atrial a kanu ʻia i loko o ka ventricle.ʻIke ʻia ka nalu pola o ka ventricle ma ke ʻano he hawewe T ma ka electrocardiogram ili.Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka cardiomyocytes holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ke kūlana polarization.ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā cell myocardial i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka electrocardiogram ili i ka laina equipotential.

ʻO ka puʻuwai he ʻano ʻekolu.I mea e noʻonoʻo ai i ka hana uila o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka puʻuwai, ua kau ʻia nā electrodes ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino e hoʻopaʻa a hōʻike i ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai.Ma ka electrocardiography maʻamau, hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā electrodes 4 limb lead a me V1 a V66 thoracic lead electrodes, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi electrocardiogram 12-lead maʻamau.Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi alakaʻi ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā electrodes ʻelua a i ʻole ma waena o ka electrode a me ka hopena hiki ke kikowaena a pili i nā pou maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole o ka galvanometer electrocardiograph ma o ke uea alakaʻi e hoʻopaʻa i ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai.Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi alakaʻi bipolar ma waena o nā electrodes ʻelua, hoʻokahi alakaʻi he pole maikaʻi a ʻo kekahi alakaʻi he pole maikaʻi ʻole.ʻO nā lālā bipolar ke alakaʻi he alakaʻi I, ke alakaʻi II a me ke alakaʻi III;ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi alakaʻi monopolar ma waena o ka electrode a me ka hopena hikiwawe waena, kahi o ka electrode ʻike i ka pole maikaʻi a ʻo ka hopena hiki ke kikowaena ʻo ka pole maikaʻi ʻole.ʻO ka hopena uila waena ʻO ka ʻokoʻa kūpono i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole he liʻiliʻi loa ia, no laila ʻo ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole ke ʻano o ka huina o nā hiki o nā alakaʻi o nā lālā ʻelua ʻē aʻe koe no ka electrode probe.

Hoʻopaʻa ka electrocardiogram i ka pihi o ka volta i ka manawa.Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka electrocardiogram ma ka pepa coordinate, a ʻo ka pepa coordinate i haku ʻia me nā cell liʻiliʻi o 1 mm laula a me 1 mm ke kiʻekiʻe.Hōʻike ka abscissa i ka manawa a ʻo ka ordinate ka volta.Hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia ma ka wikiwiki pepa 25mm/s, 1 pahu liʻiliʻi = 1mm = 0.04 kekona.ʻO ka voltage ordinate he 1 mākia liʻiliʻi = 1 mm = 0.1 mv.ʻO nā ʻano ana o ka axis electrocardiogram ka mea nui i ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona, ke ʻano palapala palapala, a me ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i ka papaʻaina.Hoʻopuka ka naʻau i nā mea vector galvanic vector like ʻole i ke kaʻina o ka depolarization a me ka repolarization.Hoʻohui ʻia nā vectors male galvanic ma nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole i kahi vector e hana i ka vector ECG i hoʻohui ʻia o ka puʻuwai holoʻokoʻa.ʻO ka puʻuwai puʻuwai he ʻekolu-dimensional vector me ka mua, sagittal, a me nā mokulele ākea.ʻO ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo ia ke kuhikuhi o ka vector ʻāpana i kuhi ʻia ma ka mokulele mua i ka wā depolarization ventricular.Kōkua e hoʻoholo inā he maʻamau ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai.